Powering our way to the future

A model of sustainability

SCHOTT’s H2 Industries project is not only an important milestone in the company’s pledge to become climate neutral in its production by 2030, but also a model for the entire industry. No other glass company has attempted to use hydrogen on such a large scale in its glass production. However, taking the road less traveled is a part of SCHOTT’s spirit, which consists of know-how, perseverance, and vision, as well as a lot of courage.

“We wanted to test it,” says Matthias about the project’s origins. “We wanted to act and not have to react when the provider enriches natural gas with hydrogen.”

After completing the test phase at the end of 2022, SCHOTT is seeing its first successes. “This large-scale trial makes it clear that more climate-friendly technologies can work in an energy-intensive industry,” says Dr. Jens Schulte, a member of the SCHOTT Board of Management.

Matthias has planned this project with great care, leaving nothing to chance apart from traffic and weather. For him, perfect planning means a 3D laser scanner capturing information from 500 million points at different locations in the plant using 360-degree images to generate a realistic 3D map of the entire plant.

This visualization of the relevant project stations helps in developing various scenarios and project sequences. In addition, it helps simulating and determining the positions of tanks, containers, and pipes in advance. “We planned everything precisely and in detail,” says Matthias. “We even digitally recorded the smallest components, such as a burner. And in the end, we managed to match calculation and reality perfectly.”

Exploiting potential

When Matthias joined SCHOTT in April 2019, the topic of hydrogen was picking up speed, with project manager Stefan Schmitt having already laid the foundation. Within the Research and Development department, Schmitt first considered hydrogen in the initiator process, then proved its feasibility in the laboratory. Then, 2.5 years ago, a 90-liter tank was successfully operated exclusively with hydrogen in the pilot plant.

“If that worked at 100%, then there was a good chance it would work at 35% in the large tank,” explains Stefan. “But we have more than 150 different glasses, so we had to test how far we could go with the existing system in a large-scale test. Our goal was to harness the potential of hydrogen for the future.”

Even if SCHOTT could used just one-third of hydrogen and realized the associated natural gas savings, its carbon emissions would be reduced by 14%.

A symbolic tank

Despite intensive preparation, the hydrogen project has been a roller coaster ride, with unexpected twists and turns, a fast pace, and emotional ups and downs. But innovation rarely follows the straight and narrow. “I often came into the office after meetings and said, ‘Okay, let’s drop the project,’” Matthias recalls.

Christine Kraus, who shares an office with him, understands the emotional roller coaster. She planned the 500 meters of piping through the plant, which involved highly detailed work, such as ensuring the tightness of the copper pipes. But the more obstacles the team had to handle, the closer it brought everyone together.

A milestone with symbolic value was the hydrogen tank’s installation at the end of September 2022. The 21-meter high tank with a diameter of 2.8 meters was maneuvered through the plant by truck, then placed using a jib crane. Unfilled, it weighs 47 tons and can hold 500 kilograms of hydrogen. “Hovering the tank and the spot-on landing was like a perfect production at the ballet,” enthuses Matthias.

When the tank was finally in place, one and a half years of planning came to fruition. Jan-Ulrich Quade remembers this moment, as well as the months before. As head of environmental protection technology, he rifled through a lot of plans and expert reports in the run-up to the project. “We had to run through scenarios for all eventualities and define what would happen,” Jan-Ulrich recounts.

This was a mammoth task with a limited time window, with general operator obligations, alarm, hazard prevention plans, monitoring systems, notification procedures, and transitional regulations. It’s not without reason that Jan-Ulrich calls himself “an office tiger.”

When the project starts, Jan-Ulrich is also standing by the tank. Over four weeks, around ten tons of hydrogen will be needed. Initially, the tanker truck drives up every other day, then daily, and in the end, even twice a day, for a total of 27 deliveries. Messer Industriegase GmbH from Bad Soden near Frankfurt ensures the supply runs without interruption. “We could rely on them, which was ideal,” says Matthias.

Since the pressure in the tanker truck is 200 bar – higher than in the installed tank – the exchange runs on its own via pressure equalization using two small tubes the size of a garden hose. Refueling takes just over an hour and soon becomes routine. The hydrogen then ends up in the mixing container via the pipe system laid especially for the project.

The container made of sheet metal is 8-meters long and 2.5-meters wide. Unimpressive from the outside and unspectacular from the inside, natural gas and hydrogen tubes come together at the front and the two gases are swirled through a static mixer.

Christoph Neeb keeps a close eye on anyone who approaches or enters the container. The employee from Mainzer Netze GmbH is in charge of the project, and uses a “sniffer” to check for highly flammable hydrogen in the air. “This is also a significant project for us, where we are learning a lot,” he says.

“We haven’t had even a single malfunction.”

The network operator’s container, which supports the project as a partner, stands in the middle of the plant in front of the brick building where the tank is located. As well as a change of location, there’s also a change in temperature. Just two doors, three flights of stairs, and a few meters of walking sees the tank interior go from near-freezing to 1,700 degrees Celsius.

If setting up the tank is like a ballet, then the first tank test is the furioso finale. Moritz Wolf stands at the control unit while Matthias starts the admixture via the touch display on the mixing container. Moritz has been at SCHOTT since 2016 and, together with Georg Demmer as line manager, has created the conditions for implementing the project at the tank. “We did some conversions and installations, which was quite a technical challenge,” the 36-year-old explains.

The messages from around 4,000 measuring points arrive at the melting tank’s control system, with Moritz conducting the controls that influence the burner settings. Since hydrogen has a lower heating value than natural gas – three-kilowatt hours to eleven-kilowatt hours per cubic meter – good advice is a matter of calculation and ingenuity.

“We would have gotten a lower heating value with the same flow rate, but we need consistent energy,” Moritz remembers. “If we add hydrogen, we have more volume with the same energy input.”

The pressure was ramped up to bring more volume into the tank at the same flap position. “It worked,” says Moritz.

Matthias is also surprised that the detailed preparatory work paid off. “We had prepared for troubleshooting, but there were no malfunctions,” says the 44-year-old. “Everything went as calculated and predicted.”

The project runs like clockwork for four weeks. In three trial phases lasting about ten days, the admixture of hydrogen is increased to 35% and maintained. “I’m glad it worked out so well,” Moritz says. Matthias adds: “This was the most exciting project I’ve supervised.”

The future of hydrogen power

So what’s next? The trial has shown that the addition of H2 is technically possible. “Through our hydrogen study with a roadmap, we have created the basis for measures for the state’s hydrogen strategy and an important contribution to climate neutrality,” said Katrin Eder, Minister for Climate Protection, Environment, Energy, and Mobility for Rhineland-Palatinate. “Hydrogen is a central building block for the state government’s goal of being climate neutral by 2040. SCHOTT is a pioneer and role model for the energy-intensive industry in Rhineland-Palatinate.”

However, there is still too little green hydrogen, which costs significantly more than natural gas. By 2025, a conventional melting furnace should be technologically advanced enough to be heated permanently with a natural gas-hydrogen mixture, and from 2030 onward, 100% hydrogen can be used.

However, a vital infrastructure problem must still be solved, as filling via tanker trucks is only for test purposes. For long-term use, utilities would have to create conditions for operation. “At some point, hydrogen has to be available in the same way as natural gas,” says Matthias. “It comes out of the pipeline and is there.”

Whenever that happens, SCHOTT will be prepared.