Optical Glass
Properties of Optical Glass
Tolerances for refractive index and Abbe number (according to ISO 12123)
| nd | νd | |
|---|---|---|
| Step 0.5* | ± 0.0001 (NP010) | ± 0.1% (AN1) |
| Step 1 | ± 0.0002 (NP020) | ± 0.2% (AN2) |
| Step 2 | ± 0.0003 (NP030) | ± 0.3% (AN3) |
| Step 3 | ± 0.0005 (NP050) | ± 0.5% (AN5) |
Forms of Supply
We master the entire value chain an offer various supply forms. For specifications and tolerances please view our ‘Optical Glass – Catalog’ in the download section.
Raw Glass
- Blocks: Blocks have up to five unworked, as-cast surfaces. Usually, at least one surface has been worked. The edges are rounded. Blocks are fine annealed and thus suitable for cold working.
- Strips: Strips normally have unworked or ground surfaces and broken or cut ends. Strips are either coarse annealed or fine annealed. Coarse annealed strips are only suitable for reheat pressings
- Rods: SCHOTT offers the widest range of rods with different geometries, formats and materials.
Cut Blanks
- Plates: Plates are quadrilateral fabricated parts. All six sides are worked; the edges have protective bevels.
- Round plates: Round plates are cylindrical parts for which the diameter is larger than the thickness. Round plates are machined on all surfaces.
- Worked rods: Worked rods are cylindrical parts that are machined on all sides. The length of a rod is always greater than its diameter.
- Cut prisms: Cut prisms are prisms produced by cutting and can be ground on all sides. Equilateral and non-equilateral prisms can be produced in various forms (ridge, penta, triple prisms …) using different fabrication technologies.
Pressings
- Pressed blanks: Pressed blanks are hot formed parts with mainly round cross sections, defined radii and bevels.
- Pressed prisms: Pressed prisms are hot formed parts with angled, prismatic shapes. Other dimensions are possible upon request
We also offer high-precision optical components made of optical glass.
Optical Properties:
- Refractive index with tolerances
- Abbe value with tolerances
- Refractive index homogeneity
- Internal transmission
- Color code
Internal Properties:
- Striae
- Bubbles and inclusions
- Stress birefringence
Unless specifically requested, SCHOTT optical glass will be delivered in refractive index/Abbe number step 3/3 with a standard test report. The refractive index of all parts of a lot will not deviate by more than ±1 x 10-4 (± 2 x 10-4 for pressing) from the test report.
Quality Assurance
SCHOTT is both ISO 9001 and 14001-certified and can be your trusted partner. Our optical glass goes through a stringent quality inspection before delivery. The production of optical glass is continuously monitored at all stages in addition to an elaborate final inspection.
Delivery lots are tested for refractive index scattering, stress birefringence, striae and bubbles according to DIN ISO 10110. A test certificate in accordance with DIN EN 10204 documents the standard supply quality. Upon request, we can also supply test certificates with increased accuracy. For high homogeneous cut blanks, we confirm homogeneity through interferometry.
Properties of High Homogeneity Glass
Specifications
SCHOTT offers glasses in five levels of homogeneity. Thanks to a carefully controlled manufacturing process, glass pieces in H4 quality have a maximum peak to valley refractive index variation of 2 x10-6, while the quality level H5 achieves a value of 1 x10-6. The maximum variation of refractive index is expressed in peak to valley values in accordance with ISO 12123.
Homogeneity of optical glass
Increased requirements for refractive index homogeneity comprise five classes in accordance with the standard ISO 10110 and ISO 12123.Homogeneity classes and their maximum variation of refractive index as well as applicability can be found in the ‘Optical Glass Catalog’, available in the download section. (1.4. Refractive Index Homogeneity)
SCHOTT offers a selection of optical glasses as fine annealed cut blanks in high homogeneities from stock. An overview of available glass types, dimensions, and homogeneity levels can be found in our ‘Optical Glass Catalog’, available in the download section. (1.4.1 High Homogeneity Glass available from stock)
Properties of i-Line Glass
Forms of Supply
We offer i-Line glasses up to 300 mm in diameter and thicknesses up to 100 mm. Customized dimensions are possible upon request.
Customized shapes include:
- CNC machined
- Coated
- Polished
- Sub-assembled
Refractive Index Homogeneity
The maximum variation of refractive index depends on the glass dimension.
- Ø 150 mm with a maximum variation of 0.5 · 10–6
- Ø 200 mm with a maximum variation of 1.0 · 10–6 (H5)
- Ø 250 mm with a maximum variation of 2.0 · 10–6 (H4)
We also offer high-precision optical components made of i-Line glasses.
Specifications
Homogeneity, bubbles/inclusions, and dispersion values can be found in the ‘Optical Glass – Catalogue', available in the download section.
Quality Assurance
- i-Line glass is subject to a 100% control of homogeneity, stress birefringence, striae, bubbles, and inclusions.
- Refractive index and transmittance are statistically controlled.
Properties of HT and HTultra Glass
* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05
** 10 mm thickness, 400 nm wavelength
Overview of High Transmittance***
N-BAK4HT, nd = 1.5883, vd = 55.98
N-BK7HT, nd = 1.51680, vd = 64.17
N-KZFS4HT, nd = 1.61336, vd = 44.49
N-LASF9HT, nd = 1.85025, vd = 32.17
N-LASF45HT, nd = 1.80107, vd = 34.97
N-SF6HTultra, nd = 1.80518, vd = 32.36
N-SF57HTultra, nd = 1.84666, vd = 23.78
***Whereas the internal transmittance curves of standard optical glasses in the datasheet comprise median values for the glass types HT and HTultra, glass internal transmittance curves are guaranteed minimum values for internal transmittance in the visible spectrum. Graphics are valid for 25 mm sample thickness.
Forms of Supply
HT and HTultra glasses are available in various supply forms:
Components
- Polished prisms with dimensions from 10 mm - 200 mm
- Lenses with dimensions from 3 mm - 200 mm
Pressings
- From 5 mm - 320 mm in diameter and center thickness from 2 mm - 100 mm
Raw Glass
- Strips with dimensions ≤ 50 mm
- Blocks with dimensions 190 mm x 180 mm x 140 mm
Other supply forms and dimensions are possible upon request (depending on glass type).
We also offer high-precision optical components made of optical glass.
Properties of Low Tg Glass for Precision Molding
Low Tg glasses have a glass transformation temperature suitable for precision molding and a special glass composition to decrease the tendency for devitrification and to reduce the reaction with mold materials within the molding temperature range.
During precision glass molding, a polished or fire-polished preform is shaped into a final geometry, while conserving its surface quality. The typical temperature range for the molding process is between 500-700°C, enabling the extension of the operating lifetime of the mold material and a significant time reduction of the press process.
Materials
For specifications and tolerances please view our ‘Optical Materials for Precision Molding Datasheet’ in the download section.
Forms of Supply
Low Tg glass for precision molding is available in various supply forms:
Optical glass rods
- Various shapes with < 1 mm – 7.5 mm in diameter and length up to 1,000 mm
- Various surface qualities with > 7.5 mm – 12.5 mm in diameter and length up to 140 mm
Ball lenses
- Different formats with 0.8 mm - 320 mm in diameter
Other supply forms and dimensions are possible upon request.
Properties of Radiation Resistant Glasses
For use in surroundings with high ionizing radiation
SCHOTT Advanced Optics offers a variety of radiation resistant glass types with different dispersion properties:
- BK7G18
- LF5G19
- LF5G15
- K5G20
- LAK9G15
- F2G12
- SF6G05
These glass-types are suitable for use in surroundings with high radioactivity. The radiation resistance differs with each glass type, whereas it can be extremely high for some types such as the BK7G18 and LF5G19.
Please note that all radiation resistant glasses except LAK9G15 are usually available in standard bubble quality according to the optical glass catalog. The total allowable cross section of bubbles in LAK9G15 is 0.1 mm2 per 100 ccm for bubbles larger than 0.03 mm in diameter. A large amount of inclusions < 0.03 mm diameter is typical for this type of glass and cannot be avoided by production means.
Forms of Supply
Radiation resistant glasses are available in various supply forms:
- Cut blanks
- Pressings
- Rods
Customized dimensions are possible upon request.
We also offer high-precision optical components made of radiation resistant glasses
Quality Assurance
- Test certificates for refractive index and dispersion and detailed transmittance data upon request.
- Accurate measurement microscopes and stress measurement setups according to the 'de Senarmont' method for the examination of internal quality and stress birefringence.
- Interferometer with aperture up to 24 inches in diameter for optical homogeneity inspection.
| No. | Year | Title | Authors | Published in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [48] | 2021 | From history to future market requirements of optical glass at SCHOTT | R. Jedamzik, U. Petzold, F. Rupp | Proc. SPIE. 11889 |
| [47] | 2021 | Review of Optical Manufacturing 2000 to 2020 | A. Zhang, R. N. Youngworth |
Proc. SPIE. Press Book |
| [46] |
2021 | Optical materials for blue-laser processing |
R. Jedamzik, A. Carre, V. Hagemann, L. Bartelmess, S. Leukel, U. Petzold |
Proc. SPIE. 11818 |
| [45] |
2021 |
Optical glass: Challenges from optical design |
U. Fotheringham, M. Letz, U. Petzold, S. Ritter, Y. Menke-Berg |
Encyclopedia of materials |
| [44] | 2020 | Optical materials for digital projection |
R. Jedamzik, V. Hagemann, V. Dietrich, U. Petzold |
Proc. SPIE 11262 |
| [43] |
2020 | Optical material for space applications | R. Jedamzik, G. Weber, U. Petzold | Proc. SPIE 11451 |
| [42] | 2019 | Optical glass: refractive index homogeneity from small to large parts - an overview | R. Jedamzik, U. Petzold | Proc. SPIE 10914 |
| [41] | 2018 | Effects of the EU's Reach and RoHS regulations on optical and filter glass | P. Hartmann | SPIE Newsroom |
| [40] | 2018 | Mechanical strength of optical glasses | P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 10692 |
| [39] | 2018 | Effects of striae inside optical glasses on optical systems | S. Reichel, P. Hartmann, U. Petzold, S. Gärtner, H. Gross | Proc. SPIE 10690 |
| [38] | 2018 | Investigation of striae tolerance in optical system | Y. Zhang, Y-N. Chen. H. Gross, P. Hartmann, St. Reichel | Proc. SPIE 10690 |
| [37] | 2018 | From VIS to SWIR: a challenge for optical glass and IR materials | R. Jedamzik, U. Petzold, G. Weber | Proc. SPIE 10528 |
| [36] | 2017 | SCHOTT optical glass in space | R. Jedamzik, U. Petzold | Proc. SPIE 10401 |
| [35] | 2017 | Introducing the quantum efficiency of fluorescense of SCHOTT optical glass | R. Jedamzik, F. Elsmann, A. Engel, U. Petzold, J. Pleitz | Proc. SPIE 10375 |
| [34] | 2017 | Optical Glass: A High-Tech Base Material as Key Enabler for Photonics | U. Petzold | IntechOpen |
| [33] | 2017 | Preliminary results of a new proposal for objective human independent striae maesurement | S. Reichel, U. Petzold, C. Lempa | Proc. SPIE 10329 |
| [32] | 2017 | Latest results solarization of optical glasses with pulsed laser radiation | R. Jedamzik, U. Petzold | Proc. SPIE 10097 |
| [31] | 2016 | Large optical glass blanks for the ELT generation | R. Jedamzik, U. Petzold, V.Dietrich, V.Wittmer, and O. Rexius | Proc. SPIE 9912 |
| [30] | 2015 | Instantaneous Dispersion: A Window into Property Relationships for Optical Glass | N. A. Carlie | Int. Appl. Glass Sci., Vol. 6, No. 4 |
| [29] | 2015 | Optical glass: standards – present state and outlook | P. Hartmann | Adv. Opt. Techn., Vol. 4, No. 5-6 |
| [28] | 2015 | Optical glass: deviation of relative partial dispersion from the normal line—need for a common definition | P. Hartmann | Opt. Eng., Vol. 54, No. 10 |
| [27] | 2015 | The ESA radglass activity: A radiation study of non rad-hard glasses | I. Manolis, J.L. Bezy, A. Costantino, R. Vink, A. Deep, M. Ahmad, E. Amorim, M. D. Miranda, and R. Meynart | Proc. SPIE 9639 |
| [26] | 2015 | V-Block refractometer for monitoring the production of optical glasses | U. Petzold, R. Jedamzik, P. Hartmann, and S. Reichel | Proc. SPIE 9628 |
| [25] | 2015 | Results of a polishing study for SCHOTT XLD glasses | Jedamzik, H. Yadwad, and V. Dietrich | Proc. SPIE 9628 |
| [24] | 2015 | Efficient simulation of autofluorescence effects in microscopic lenses | H. Gross, O. Rodenko, M. Esslinger, and A. Tünnermann | Proc. SPIE 9626 |
| [23] | 2015 | Optical lead flint glasses – key material in optics since centuries and in future | P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 9626 |
| [22] | 2014 | Optical Glass | P. Hartmann | SPIE Press (Book) |
| [21] | 2014 | EU regulations threaten availability of raw materials for optics | P. Hartmann | SPIE Professional |
| [20] | 2014 | Optical glass - refractive index change with wavelength and temperature | M. Englert, P. Hartmann and S. Reichel | Proc. SPIE 9131 |
| [19] | 2014 | Optical Glass with tightest refractive index and dispersion tolerances for high-end optical designs | R. Jedamzik, S. Reichel and P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 8982 |
| [18] | 2013 | Recent Results on Bulk Laser Damage Threshold of Optical Glasses | R. Jedamzik and F. Elsmann | Proc. SPIE 8603 |
| [17] | 2013 | Cladding YAG crystal fibers with high-index glasses for reducing the number of guided modes | K.-Y. Hsu, M.-H. Yang, D.-Y. Jheng, C.-C. Lai, S.-L. Huang, K. Mennemann, and V. Dietrich | Opt. Mat. Express, Vol. 3, No. 6 |
| [16] | 2012 | 110 years BK7 – Optical glass type with long tradition and ongoing progress | P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 8550 |
| [15] | 2012 | Optical glass: past and future of a key enabling material | P. Hartmann | Adv. Opt. Techn. 1 |
| [14] | 2011 | Optical glass and the EU directive | RoHS P. Hartmann and U. Hamm | Proc. SPIE 8065 |
| [13] | 2011 | Optical Glass – Dispersion in the Near Infrared | P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 8167 |
| [12] | 2011 | LED collimation using high index glass | R. Biertümpfel and S. Reichel | Proc. SPIE 8170 |
| [11] | 2010 | Optical glass and glass ceramic historical aspects and recent developments: a Schott view | P. Hartmann, R. Jedamzik, S. Reichel and B. Schreder | Appl. Opt., Vol. 49, No. 16 |
| [10] | 2009 | Measurement and simulation of striae in optical glass | H. Gross, M. Hofmann, R. Jedamzik, P. Hartmann, and S. Sinzinger | Proc. SPIE 7389 |
| [9] | 2008 | Optical glasses and optical elements: comparison of specification standards ISO DIS 12123 and ISO 10110 | P. Hartmann, R. Jedamzik | Proc. SPIE 7102 |
| [8] | 2008 | Optical materials for astronomy from SCHOTT: the quality of large components | R. Jedamzik, J. Hengst, F. Elsmann, C. Lemke, T. Döhring, and P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 7018 |
| [7] | 2008 | Refractive Index Drop Observed After Precision Molding of Optical Elements: A Quantitative Understanding Based on the Tool– Narayanaswamy–Moynihan Model | U. Fotheringham, A. Baltes, P. Fischer, P. Hoehn, R. Jedamzik, C. Schenk, C. Stolz, and G. Westenberger | J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 91, No. 3 |
| [6] | 2006 | Challenges in optics for Extremely Large Telescope Instrumentation | P. Spano, F.M. Zerbi, C.J. Norrie, C.R. Cunningham, K.G. Strassmeier, A. Bianco, P.A. Blanche, M. Bougoin, M. Ghigo, P. Hartmann, L. Zago, E. Atad-Ettedgui, B. Delabre, H. Dekker, M. Melozzi, B. Snyders, R. Takke, and D.D. Walker | Astron. Nachr. / AN 999, No 88 |
| [5] | 2006 | Large optical glass lenses for ELTs | P. Hartmann and R. Jedamzik | Proc. SPIE 6273 |
| [4] | 2005 | Tailored properties of optical glasses | R. Jedamzik, B. Hladik, and P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 5965 |
| [3] | 2004 | Removing the mystique of glass selection | R. E. Fischer, A. J. Grant, U. Fotheringham, P. Hartmann, and S. Reichel | Proc. SPIE 5524 |
| [2] | 2004 | Large optical glass blanks for astronomy | R. Jedamzik and P. Hartmann | Proc. SPIE 5494 |
| [1] | 2003 | Optical glasses and glass ceramics for large optical systems | T. Doehring, P. Hartmann, H. F. Morian, and R. Jedamzik | Proc. SPIE 4842 |
